Journal of Imam Al-Kadhim College is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is concerned with publishing all human research and studies that simulate the latest scientific developments and innovations in the field of human specializations. It also contributes to enriching human knowledge through the cognitive additions provided by researchers.
كلية الامام الكاظم(ع) للعلوم الاسلامية الجامعة
Fertility Deities in Ancient Egyptian Religious Bellef
Conclusion This academic study has highlighted an important aspect of religious belief in ancient Egypt, represented by the sacred deities responsible for fertility, reproduction, and the increase of food production. The study has been divided into two main parts. The first part addresses the study of fertility deities during the prehistoric periods, while the second part examines fertility deities during the historical periods. In this section, the deities were presented with a certain degree of detail in terms of their worship, names, titles, and their roles in the process of fertility. Furthermore, this part was divided into two sections: the first deals with male fertility deities, while the second focuses on female fertility deities
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Imam Al-Kadhim College https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Religious Democratic Government in the Thought of Abdolkarim Soroush
Contemporary Iranian political thought has played a significant role in the field of contemporary Islamic political theory. Unofficial Iranian political thought, if one may call it that, has played a role in analyzing and formulating concepts parallel to official political thought. Abdolkarim Soroush's ideas formed the foundation of this thought. The contributions of Shabestari and Malekian to this intellectual and philosophical diversity cannot be overlooked. The core of Soroush's thought began with a central critique of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (Velayat-e Faqih) and its conflict with public freedoms. He also criticized closed political thought and attempted to offer a new interpretation of contemporary Iranian religious and theological thought, breaking down the classical concept based on intellectual stagnation, a departure from critical content, and selectivity, while introducing new and innovative modern concepts and perceptions. The terms "contraction" and "expansion" in Islamic law, and the separation of the divine from the human and the sacred from the profane, are among Soroush's most prominent contributions to contemporary reformist thought, and he was a pillar of the new political thought in Iran.
"The Use of Social Media by Iraqi University Students and Its Impact on Their Educational Values within University Settings"
Our research deals with a topic that has been referred to in several places in social, media, educational and psychological studies because of its societal importance and being a cornerstone in the system of societal values, and the subject of our research included the Iraqi university community and the importance of university values in it, especially in social networking sites and the impact they play on the recipients and users of these sites in the topics, opinions and ideas that they publish through their pages and through their groups, including those related to university values and their impact on university students. The research consists of three main axes, the first is the introduction and the methodological framework, the second includes the theoretical framework and an explanation of the issues raised in it, namely social networking sites and university values, while the last axis was devoted to the practical side and presented the results of the questionnaire, which included (100) students from the departments of the Faculty of Applied Arts / Middle Technical University, and then the conclusions and recommendations were presented.
'Erotetic Logic in Islamic Philosophy, al-Farabi as a Model'
The research titled 'Erotetic Logic in Islamic Philosophy, al-Farabi as a Model' is an attempt to seek a model for erotetic logic as it was studied by al-Farabi who was the first teacher and the pioneer of terminologization in Islamic philosophy. He also explained and added abundantly to Aristotlean logic. To achieve this, the rise of erotetic logic in the middle of the twentieth century is presented, three chosen models of it are shown, and the existence of erotetic logic in al-Farabi's thought is proved by assuming a number of hypotheses that were proved in the research.
"Iraq and the Regional Environment after 2020: Foreign Policy under Structural Constraints"
After 2020, Iraq will adopt a foreign policy based on openness and strategic balance by establishing balanced diplomatic relations with all countries and employing diplomatic tools in an attempt to reposition itself as a country that enjoys the trust of its regional neighbours, and to transition from a marginal regional player to an active state that contributes to controlling alliances, reducing escalation, and forming a different formula for regional interactions based on the principle of active engagement without falling into the trap of aligning with certain axes. However, this policy faced two challenges: structural constraints related to the nature of the Iraqi political system, which is based on consensus in the administration of the state, as well as constraints related to the regional reality, particularly US-Iranian relations and the restrictions they impose on Iraq's foreign policy. Hence, this research seeks to answer the following question: To what extent will Iraq be able to adopt a balanced foreign policy after 2020 in light of internal and regional structural constraints? The research relies on systems analysis and analytical methodology to study the development of Iraqi foreign policy, its diplomatic tools, and the structural constraints that pose a challenge to Iraqi foreign policy.
The Development of Iraqi Journalism from the British Occupation to the End of the Monarchical Era
The study investigates the development of Iraqi journalism from the British Occupation, which started in 1914, to the End of the Monarchical Era in 1958. It focuses on the analysis of its role in the political and social life, and its relation to authority. It explores how journalism has shifted from an official platform, subject to authority, to a more efficient tool that shapes public opinion and helps direct political issues. The study adopts the historical analytical method, by tracing the origin and development of Iraqi journalism through different stages, including the British occupation, the establishment of the Iraqi state, and then the monarchy, with analyzing its role in major political issues such as the 1920 revolution, the 1941 movement, the 1948 uprising, up to the fall of the monarchy in 1958. The study maintains that Iraqi journalism played an important role in establishing political awareness. It contributes to conveying ideas, criticizing government policies, and supporting national movements. However, this role is constrained by some legal and political limitations that restrict its freedom. The study also reveals that the relationship between journalism and the authorities is characterized by both overlap and conflict; at times, journalism was a tool in the authorities' hands, and at others, a means of opposing them. The study concludes that the Iraqi journalism during the monarchy was a fundamental element in political life, and contributed, directly or indirectly, to paving the way for the major transformations that Iraq witnessed, making its study an important entry point for understanding the nature of the political system and the relationship between the state and society at that stage .
Assistant Professor Dr. Laith Neama Musa
Symbolic Representation of State HistoryA Cultural Study of Salim al-Wardi's Novel "The Biography of Ibrahim"
This research is a critical study, employing a cultural approach, of a relatively new topic that has not received the serious attention it deserves. Its central question is how the history of the Iraqi state has been represented in fiction. Because Dr. Salim al-Wardi's novel "The Biography of Ibrahim" retells the history of the state with new perspectives and profound insights, we chose it as a case study, marking the first time it has been examined academically. The research plan is structured as follows: an introductory section defining the concepts of state and nation, followed by two chapters. The first, titled "The Debate Between Sub-Identities and National Identity: The State-Society," explores the nature of the contradictions within a multicultural society between long-standing sub-identities and the emerging Iraqi national identity following the formation of the state. The second chapter, titled "Power Before the State: The Military and the Parties," analyzes the tendencies toward monopolization and domination of state institutions, both by the military through its successive coups and by the political parties, as embodied in the stances of fictional characters belonging to the Iraqi Communist Party and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. It examines how these parties fostered sharp polarization and a culture of militarism within society, contributing to the weakening of the social fabric and the foundations of the Iraqi state.
Religion and Human beings: Reflections on the Concept and Its dimensions on Socials and individuals
This research explores the topic of religion and human development: reflections on the concept and its individual and social dimensions, through a comprehensive study that combines conceptual, functional, and critical perspectives. The research begins by outlining the origins, definition, and sources of religion, then moves to the concept of religiosity and the need for religion, clarifying its importance in the lives of individuals and society. It also presents the individual and social benefits of religion, highlighting its role in shaping human character, regulating behavior, and instilling moral and social values. The research further examines the relationship between science and religion, emphasizing their complementarity in serving humanity, before discussing the dangers of misunderstanding and exploitation, and the resulting negative social, political, and intellectual consequences. The research employs a descriptive, analytical, and critical approach, combining classical texts with philosophical analysis, to conclude that religion is an indispensable constructive force in human life, and that a correct understanding of it is the guarantee for building a balanced individual and a cohesive society.
The Polyphony of Voices in the Novel "Swiss Summer": Uspensky's Theory as a Model
This research attempts to explore the concept of polyphony, which is considered one of the most important stylistic features distinguishing fictional characters, as each fictional character has a point of view that they express. Perhaps the theory proposed by the Russian critic Uspensky regarding point of view, which he considered central to the composition of literary works, is one of the most important theories revealing the multiplicity of voices in literature. He proposed four levels: the ideological level, the expressive level, the spatial and temporal level, and the psychological level. The researcher found in the novel *Swiss Summer* by the Iraqi writer Inam Kachachi a model that embodies the concept of multiple voices, as the novel is built around four characters who differ in their viewpoints, styles, and ideologies.
The Ambiguities in the Qur'an in Illuminating Linguistic Economy Theory: An Analytical Study
This study attempts to examine the ambiguous elements in the Qur'an and their foundation, considering them as a reflection of linguistic economy and one of its solid aspects. It seeks to prove that Qur'anic ambiguity is an effective linguistic tool among the instruments of language moderation, which ensures the delivery of the message with the least possible linguistic means through fruitful semantic condensation that pursues intentionality and takes into account the receiver, relying on the shared knowledge possessed by the parties of the discourse. Accordingly, Qur'anic ambiguity is one of the means of text clarity, richness, and brilliance, because it relies on the rich condensation of the meanings of the discourse, invoking the culture of the recipient, and activating their interpretation. This is in contrast to linguistic ambiguity, which can constitute obscurity and complexity in the text at times. Therefore, the truth is that ambiguity in the Qur'an is an example of linguistic economy that seeks moderation in performance between expression and meaning, and the conciseness of the discourse without any flaw or weakness in meaning.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Alaa Ali Abdullah Al-Anbaky
Doctrinal Views in Tafsir Al-Amthal: An Analytical Study
This study seeks to present a dogmatic, hermeneutic, and analytical examination of the description material reported to Imam Musa ibn Jaafar Al-Kadhum (peace be upon him). This is the result of Al- Al-Amthal elucidation to Shirazi. It is one of the most important modern Muslim clarifications on social mood. It set out to delve deeply into the demands of the modern day and solve its doubts and difficulties, particularly those associated with Islamic theology. The study focuses on these narratives, revealing their relevance in the development and integration of doctrinal ethics. Moreover, these narrations addressed the fundamental aspects of religion and the principal beliefs of Muslims, as articulated by the Imam (peace be upon him) through his words and statements, and at times by his exegesis of the Holy Quran and other Qur’anic scriptures. Sporadically by rational discourse, and at times through esteemed tradition. These solutions seek to address disagreements while also revealing the profound and infallible intellectual stream in the interpretation of the Qur'an.
Gendered Violence and Female Agency in Nawal El Saadawi's Woman at Point Zero and Toni Morrison's Beloved
The review paper summarizes the studies on gendered violence and women's agency, as presented in Woman at Point Zero by Nawal El Saadawi and Beloved by Toni Morrison. Although direct comparative studies that occur during this period are not widely found in the literature that has been provided, this analysis relies on the personal evaluation of each of the novels. Woman at Point Zero is analyzed in the way Firdaus is oppressed by patriarchal structures, such as female genital mutilation (FGM), economic oppression, and marginalization in the system, and her resistance and identity recovery. Beloved is discussed based on its portrayal of the experienced deep trauma and structural violence experienced by Black women in the slavery system that centers around physical and sexual abuse, commodification of the body, and the mental effect of past injustices in its characters, such as Sethe. Both novels are revealed to contain the theme of gendered violence, which is firmly rooted in socio-economic and cultural systems, and the protagonists can exhibit various modes of agency despite such severe oppression. The review draws the similarity in the systemic quality of violence, commodification of the body, and resilience, and the difference based on the specific socio-historical contexts. It ends with the determination of possible avenues to do future comparative research to gain further insights into the influence of various oppressive systems on the experience and female agentic expression.
The Nabataean Kingdom: Between Internal Division and Gradual Incorporation into Roman Rule(106-111 AD)
The research addresses a controversial issue related to the end of the Nabataean Kingdom and its integration into the Roman state in 106 AD. This study focuses on the period between 106-111 AD, which witnessed political and economic transformations that led to the end of Nabataean rule and the annexation of their possessions to the Roman borders. The research seeks to analyze the historical and archaeological narratives and evidence that dealt with this event, and focuses on a fundamental question: Did the political presence of the Nabataeans in the region end as a result of political disintegration that afflicted the kingdom and helped the Romans to direct a military campaign and subdue them, or were there gradual annexation procedures that enabled the Romans to achieve their goals
THE WORLD OF VIOLENCE:A Critical Reading of the Characters in Hamid Nasser’s Novel (The Crippled Man’s Obsession)
This paper is an attempt to analyze the novel The Obsession of the Crippled Man by Hamid Nasser from a psychological perspective, it seeks to understand how violence managed to leave its marks on the unconscious structure of the characters' inner feelings. The question arises of the internal Fragmentation of identities affected by Violence, causing political and social transformation, which is what Iraq experienced after 2003. This revived the collective feeling of the characters amidst their suffering from the ravages of war and oppression. They were faced with two bitter choices: either to adapt to the hostile environment or to resist and reject everything around them. Here, the research intended to closely explore this society and its scattered identities in Hamid Nasser's novel Hāgis al-Rajul al-Kasīḥ (The Crippled Man’s Obsession) The main question here is: How does Violence in its various forms shaped the characters’ consciousness, scattered identities & influence the narrative elements in the novel? To answer this, the study applies René Girard’s theory of mimetic desire, rivalry and fragmented identity, alongside Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of symbolic violence. The expected finding refers that, violence was dominant force permeating every detail in daily lives, transforming space and time into instruments of oppression, causing deep fractures in identity. In addition to the mechanisms of Symbolic Violence & the Normalization Of Repression as well as the psychological defense strategies employed to endure terror. Finally, It recommended to expand Academic studies on Iraqi fiction to help in deep understanding of identity fragmentation, mechanisms of symbolic violence and employ literary narrative as a tool of resistance and healing from trauma.
Regional balance in the Middle East (Iran and The Zionist entity) After 2023
This study reviews the role of material and non-material components, and the impact of regional and international crises on the regional balance between Iran and(Israel) in the Middle East, as it illustrates the transformations caused by the Russian-Ukrainian war, the Syrian crisis, the Yemeni war, the Gaza war (2023), and the (12) day war on the traditional centers of influence of each side, and the absence of some major powers from specific arenas, and events have shown that the regional balance is no longer based on a fixed equation, but the Russian contraction in Syria led to the erosion of the Iranian presence, which allowed Israel to expand its influence inside The 12-day war highlighted the limited ability of Israel to regional hegemony without direct American support, and the results indicate that the balance between Iran and Israel is based on unstable mutual deterrence, oscillating between tension and attraction in sensitive areas such as Syria and the Red Sea, which imposes a fragile security environment that threatens the stability of the region and the international arena.
The effectiveness of rhetorical embellishment in Abbasid prose (discourse (Al-Hamadhani's Baghdad Maqama as a model)
The Abbasid era, particularly in the fourth century AH, was marked by a qualitative leap in prose arts. Maqamat emerged as a prose literary genre that combined education and entertainment, relying on rhetorical devices as essential elements in shaping the identity of the prose text. Therefore, this research aims to study the manifestations and effectiveness of rhetorical devices in the Baghdadi Maqama by Badī' al-Zaman al-Hamadhānī, and how they are employed to achieve aesthetic, narrative, and semantic goals. The study focused on analyzing the functions (aesthetic, semantic, and syntactic) of rhetorical devices in the Baghdadi Maqama. The research concluded that al-Hamadhānī succeeded in employing these devices as effective tools to serve meaning and narrative, rather than merely as ornamentation or verbal embellishments. Furthermore, the study highlights how these devices transformed the Baghdadi Maqama from a simple narrative into an artistic masterpiece that reflected the complexities of Abbasid society, making it a pioneering model of prose art during that era.
The United States–China Competition in the Asia-Pacific Region: From Economic Cooperation to Geopolitical conflict
This study examines the U.S.–China competition in the Asia-Pacific region as one of the most prominent manifestations of transformation in the contemporary international system. It focuses on the shift of this competition from economic cooperation to geopolitical rivalry, analyzing its economic, military, and technological dimensions. The research also highlights the implications of this competition for regional security, particularly the naval arms race, as well as the positions of East and Southeast Asian countries. The study concludes that the continuation of this rivalry without effective regulatory frameworks may lead to further regional instability, posing risks to international peace and security.
The national themes in the Poetry of Abd al-Sahib al-Barqʿawi
This study examines the national themes in the poetry of Sheikh Abdul Sahib Al-Barqa‘awi (1931–1995), one of Iraq’s distinguished poets, a native of the holy city of Najaf, and a graduate of its religious seminary. The poet addressed the theme of the homeland in a large number of his poems, driven by a strong sense of national feeling and pan-Arab affiliation with the sons of Arabism. The research is divided into four sections. The first discusses the concept of the homeland in Al-Barqa‘awi’s poetry. The second examines his engagement with national issues. The third addresses the poet’s interaction with the causes of the Arab nation, while the final section explores his inspiration from religious and historical symbols and their employment in national causes. These sections are preceded by an introduction that presents the poet and outlines the national themes, and followed by a conclusion summarizing the main findings of the study.
An Analytical Exegesis of the Verse of Proclamation in Surah Al-Ma’idah
This study examines the Verse of Proclamation (Qur’an 5:67) through an analytical exegetical approach that integrates Qur’anic sciences, linguistic analysis, rhetorical examination, and the study of circumstances of revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl). Given that Surah Al-Ma’idah is among the last chapters revealed, the verse under discussion occupies a pivotal position in the final stage of the Islamic message and reflects a decisive moment in the history of Islam. The research demonstrates that the conditional structure in the verse—“And if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message”—indicates that the command given to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) concerns a matter of exceptional gravity, such that neglecting it would amount to the failure of conveying the entire divine mission. Through linguistic and rhetorical analysis, the study highlights the force of the imperative form “convey” (balligh), the exclusive address “O Messenger”, and the divine assurance of protection—“Allah will protect you from the people”—all of which underscore the sensitivity and significance of the commanded proclamation. By surveying narrations transmitted in both Shiʿi and Sunni exegetical sources, the study concludes that the verse was revealed in connection with the event of Ghadir Khumm, where the Prophet publicly proclaimed the authority (wilāyah) of Imam ʿAli ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him). The research further establishes a close thematic relationship between the Verse of Proclamation, the Verse of Wilayah (5:55), and the Verse of the Completion of Religion (5:3), revealing a coherent Qur’anic framework affirming the principle of leadership after the Prophet. Accordingly, the study affirms that the Verse of Proclamation is not related to a subsidiary legal ruling or a confrontation with disbelievers, but rather addresses a foundational issue essential to the preservation and continuity of the Islamic message. It thus represents a decisive Qur’anic declaration marking the completion of the religion and the culmination of the Prophet’s mission.
The Aesthetics of Detail in Nizar Qabbani’s Poetry
Postmodern poetry emerged with a different current that challenged traditional poetry in both form and content. Postmodern poetry has focused on small and precise details—details that were marginalized in classical poetry— as the modern poet made intensive use of minor elements through everyday language and simple details. This approach gives the reader a stronger sense of realism compared to traditional poetry, and Nizar Qabbani is considered one of the pioneers of this trend in most of his poetic works.
Procedures of the Commission of Integrity in Combating Corruption in Iraq After 2003: An Analytical and Evaluative Study
يتناول هذا البحث دراسة وتحليل إجراءات هيئة النزاهة في مكافحة الفساد في العراق بعد عام 2003، بوصفها إحدى أهم المؤسسات الرقابية المعنية بحماية المال العام وتعزيز مبادئ الشفافية والمساءلة يهدف البحث إلى تقويم فاعلية الإجراءات التي تعتمدها الهيئة في مواجهة ظاهرة الفساد الإداري والمالي، وتحليل مدى انسجامها مع المعايير الوطنية والدولية المعتمدة في هذا المجال، فضلاً عن تشخيص أبرز التحديات التي تواجه عمل الهيئة في بيئة سياسية وإدارية معقدة. اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي لتحليل الإطار القانوني والتنظيمي لهيئة النزاهة، واستعراض مهامها وصلاحياتها وآليات عملها، كما استُخدم المنهج المقارن للمقارنة بين إجراءات الهيئة خلال سنوات مختلفة ، ولا سيما خلال المدة (2018-2024) وتوصل البحث إلى أن هيئة النزاهة أسهمت في تطوير أدوات الرقابة والتحقيق، وتعزيز ثقافة الإبلاغ عن الفساد، إلا أن فاعلية إجراءاتها ما تزال محدودة بفعل جملة من المعوقات، أبرزها ضعف التنسيق المؤسسي، والتدخلات السياسية، والتحديات التشريعية والتنفيذية ويخلص البحث إلى ضرورة دعم استقلالية هيئة النزاهة، وتطوير التشريعات المنظمة لعملها، وتعزيز التعاون بينها وبين بقية مؤسسات الدولة، بما يسهم في رفع كفاءة إجراءات مكافحة الفساد وتحقيق أهداف الإصلاح الإداري في العراق.
Political tensions in Iraqi television election debate programs and their impact on public participation in the 2025 parliamentary elections from an academic perspective
Election debate programs in the media have programmatic weight and priority in planning, implementation and technical treatment, through which those media, especially Iraqi satellite channels/the research sample, are keen to give them important time spaces and sometimes they are open in some media coverage. The researcher identified the research problem as the space of ambiguity created by election debate programs and their political tensions among specialists regarding the repercussions or effects of these television programs on the public who are aware of elections as a necessary democratic and political participation for 2025. The research adopted several objectives, including: identifying the type of cognitive, emotional, or behavioral repercussions that election debate programs and their political tensions translate into public decisions to participate in elections or not. Regarding the most prominent findings: Over 87% of academics in Baghdad believe that election debate programs prioritize political agendas over the public interest by supporting entities and candidates affiliated with the satellite channel owners. Meanwhile, 85% of them say they watch these programs because of the presenters' professional skills and their ability to manage the dialogues between the participating parties.
The relationship between political stability and foreign direct investment in Iraq: An analytical study for the period (2004-2022)
This research analyzes the relationship between political stability and foreign direct investment, as there is a reciprocal relationship between the two variables in Iraq, especially after 2003, in light of the opening up of the Iraqi economy and the increase in foreign direct investment flows amidst the political transformations that Iraq witnessed, Therefore, there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of political stability and foreign direct investment, as an improved political and institutional environment in Iraq contributes to increased foreign direct investment flows into its economy by increasing foreign investors' confidence in the Iraqi political environment, There is also an indirect effect of foreign direct investment flows into Iraq on its political stability, by strengthening the foundations of the macroeconomy and thus positively impacting the strengthening and stability of the political environment, The research adopted the descriptive analytical approach to present the theoretical framework of the concepts of political stability and foreign direct investment, while formulating standard models to measure the relationship of influence between the two variables in Iraq.
A Transitivity Analysis of News Reports of Al-Assad’s Regime Collapse
The paper aims to analyze how Western and Middle Eastern media looks to Al-Assad’s collapse. The reporters’ ideologies play an essential role in showing this issue to the reader. The aim is fulfilled by an analysis of certain reports during the coverage of Al-Assad's collapse. These reports employ definite linguistic choices to manipulate the collapse. The analysis is achieved in the light of transitivity and the lexical selections of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The research concludes that the reporters manipulate linguistic selections in order to influence readers’ perceptions and views, that some reporters support Al-Assad’s regime collapse, considering it as the beginning of freedom for the Syrian people, while others see it as the beginning of freedom as well as the beginning of crises and uncertain future without any regime at the same time. The study also concludes that the material processes are the most adopted choices. Verbs of doing and happening are dominant in the coverage.
Is the doctrinal identity of Umara al Yamani Ismaili or Shafi‘i ?
Since every rule has its exceptions, it is necessary to shed light on a poet who has constants that did not change with the change in political circumstances that faced the Fatimid state, unlike the rest of the poets who were subjected to this state with praise or censure, or with both praise and censure, such as Al-Fazari or Sahl Al-Warraq who defeated Ubayy. Yazid Al-Kharji, like most of the jurists of Kairouan, despite the difference in doctrinal structure, believed that the revolution of the owner of the donkey would rid them of the rule of the Fatimids, and here the difference between Amara and his peers - who wander in every valley - becomes clear, like the difference between a pearl and a wasteland, and these constants that Amara remained adherent to made him pay with his life. A tax for her because he did not satirize a country in which he lived for seventeen years, even though poetry was a long-standing weapon in his hands Through it, he can, at the very least, defend the new ruler under the title of piety. However, his poetry was not threatened by his enemies, nor was it used to satirize his opponents, nor did he disavow the insults of yesterday’s companions, and this is one of the important reasons that prompted us to examine the life of this objective poet
Urgent News Coverage of the “Israeli” Military Escalation Against Iran on Al Jazeera and Al Arabiya Al Hadath:A Comparative Analytical Study Over 11 Days
This study aims to analyze the directions of urgent news coverage of the “Israeli” military escalation against Iran on Al Jazeera and Al Arabiya Al Hadath, by examining the news sources, topics, and sub-categories included in the coverage. The research falls within descriptive–inferential studies and employs quantitative content analysis using a systematic random sample of 1,200 news items drawn from a total of 10,404 urgent news items broadcast by the two channels over eleven days. The study relied on a structured content analysis form. The findings reveal clear differences between the channels: Al Jazeera relied more on official sources and news agencies, with greater emphasis on political and humanitarian topics and the Iranian narrative, alongside a multi-party security framing. In contrast, Al Arabiya Al Hadath relied more heavily on unspecified media sources, correspondents, and private sources, with a stronger focus on military topics, “Israeli” security precautions, and highlighting civilian casualties on both sides.
The military and society in Iraqbarracks, soldiery, parallel army
The Iraqi army has gone through a number of phases, reflecting the successive historical cycles of the army's rise and fall. During its rise, the relationship between the military and society, and its heightened symbolism, were the same factors that weakened it and prompted the search for an ideological army as an alternative to defend power. The stages that accompanied the Iraqi army since its founding are represented by the "barracks" phase, its isolation from society, characterized by its unique values and customs, allowing it to be an independent institution with the necessary capabilities. However, the rise of the military's symbolism and the accompanying political circumstances pushed the army to leave the barracks. This departure was motivated by expanding its role to include political and developmental issues. There were two paths to working outside the barracks: one expanded into society without departing from the context of the political system's institutions, influencing society and enabling interaction to strengthen its presence within the sphere of control of state institutions. The second is its entry into the phase of parallel armies with society, which was evidence of the political regime's recognition of the weakness of the official army, or lack of trust in it. This resulted in the rise of a parallel army based on a doctrinal ideology that emerged from society. Here, state institutions were unable to control or curb the expansion and power of these parallel armies or regulate their behavior towards the regime or society. This is the most dangerous phase in the army's expansion towards society.
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Political elites between cohesion and fragmentation: An approach to leadership and political stability
The nature of political stability depends directly on how ruling elites interact with the leadership. Ideologically closed elites, despite their integration, create a superficial and fragile stability that lacks flexibility. In contrast, pluralistic elites whose rivalries are managed within institutional frameworks are more resilient and able to absorb shocks. Elites use their primary resources, position, influence, wealth, expertise, and organization to transform their power into real authority that shapes leaders and determines state policy. This influence can lead either to individual rule that weakens institutions or to robust institutional stability. The latter stability is achieved when legitimacy, accountability, clarity of purpose, discipline, and trust are present. To transform the elite's role into an effective and coordinated force, It is imperative to establish laws to address conflicts of interest, replace quotas with clear coalition agreements, support decisions with objective assessments, and strengthen partnerships with civil society. The goal is to achieve positive, flexible stability capable of development.
The Narrations on the Compilation of the Qur’an between Affirmation and Denial: An Analytical Study
This study explores the compilation of the Q This study explores the compilation of the Qur'an by analyzing the conflicting traditions between denial and affirmation, both in Sunni and Shi‘i sources, and examining relevant Qur'anic verses, rational proofs, and historical contexts. The research demonstrates that the Qur'an was indeed compiled during the Prophet Muhammad’s lifetime, including its preservation, ordering, and recording. Subsequent efforts under Abu Bakr and Uthman were documentation processes rather than acts of initial compilation. The study also dissects reports suggesting otherwise, critically addresses Orientalist claims, and reinterprets the role of Imam ‘Ali’s codex as an exegetical and chronological document rather than an alternative textur'an by analyzing the conflicting traditions between denial and affirmation, both in Sunni and Shi‘i sources, and examining relevant Qur'anic verses, rational proofs, and historical contexts. The research demonstrates that the Qur'an was indeed compiled during the Prophet Muhammad’s lifetime, including its preservation, ordering, and recording. Subsequent efforts under Abu Bakr and Uthman were documentation processes rather than acts of initial compilation. The study also dissects reports suggesting otherwise, critically addresses Orientalist claims, and reinterprets the role of Imam ‘Ali’s codex as an exegetical and chronological document rather than an alternative text.
A Decolonial Vision: A Critical Study of the Extract of Shakespeare's The Tempest in English for Iraqi 5th Preparatory Schools.
Through the examination of the extract of the play ' The Tempest' in Iraqi Secondary schools, this paper explores the depictions of colonial and cultural identities within this work in the book entitled ' English for Iraq'. The paper challenges the domination of narratives and how they express the characterization and themes in the extract to form a colonial experience of Iraqi students' history and culture. This colonial ideology is hidden in Prospero's and Caliban's speeches. The aim of this paper explore a complex interface between the colonial strategy and Iraqi students' understandings, emphasizing the necessity of utilizing such a decolonial vision that enables us to make scrutiny and evaluation of the colonial impacts on Iraqi students' identities and experiences The paper applies Edward Said's contrapuntal mode of reading on the extract to gain this decolonial vision. The mode has two stages of analysis. The examination and exposition of the extract are done in the first stage, and the discussions of juxtapositional analysis lie in the second stage. The contribution of this study revolves around the decolonization of literary texts on the academic level. Ultimately, the mode provides the vision that helps the progress of Iraqi students' critical thinking about social justice and Iraqi cultural identity in Iraqi secondary schools.